Comparing Ice Skating Equipment in the Lab

What types of measurements are ideal for understanding ice skating? Take a moment to write down a list of at least four types of data to collect and compare. What types of equipment are necessary to measure each type? What physics concepts are relevant?

Many types of interesting data are available for comparison in the book The Science of Ice Skating: Volume 1 (Extended Edition) from Schottenbauer Publishing. Data include position, velocity, acceleration, and force for the following equipment:

• Surface Types
• Ice
• Synthetic Ice
• Wet
• Dry
• Skate Types
• Bob Skates
• Child Double-Runner Skates
• Hockey Skates
• Youth
• Adult
• Figure Skates
• 2 Sizes
• 2 Types of Blades
• Blade Preparation
• Sharpened
• Unsharpened
• Skate Mass
• None
• Added 2.5 pounds of weight

Additional types of data include:

• Hockey Puck Motion
• Vertical Motions (Force)
• Stepping
• Jumping
• Skate Support for Ankles (Force)
• Ice Melting (Temperature)

Free sample graphs are available in a free pamphlet from the publisher's webpage.

Additional Information

Schottenbauer Publishing

Free Education Resources

Real Ice Skating Data from Child Double Runner Skates!

Easy access to the science of ice skating is provided by several book series from Schottenbauer Publishing! Books contain graphs, data, and diagrams of ice skating, figure skating, and hockey.

The graphs below are excerpted from Volume 1 of Glide, Spin, & Jump: The Science of Ice Skating, as well as a free pamphlet from the publisher. These graphs show a child's double-runner skate being pulled along a piece of real ice with a force meter, while position, velocity, and acceleration are measured by a motion detector from the back.

Discussion Questions

1. For each graph, describe the motion of the skate in words. 
2. How far does the skate travel in each graph?
3. What is the maximum force on the skate?
4. Is the force on the skate similar to the forces incurred during real skating?
5. From these two graphs, can you determine the mass of the skate?
6. How much physical work is occurs during the movement of the skate? 
7. In which graph is the friction greater?
8. Can the friction be calculated from these graphs?
9. How accurate are these graphs? What is the margin of error, if any?
10. Are these graphs relevant for real skaters? If so, how? 

Additional free graphs are available in a free pamphlet from the publisher's webpage. 

The following books from Schottenbauer Publishing contain similar types of graphs and data pertaining to the science of ice skating, figure skating, and hockey:

Graphs & Data for Science Lab: Multi-Volume Series

• The Science of Ice Skating, Vol. 1-8
• The Science of Hockey, Vol. 1-3

Anthologies of 28 Graphs

• The Science of Figure Skating
• The Science of Ice Hockey
• The Science of Winter Olympic Sports

In addition, the following books are suitable for younger children learning geometry:

Geometry Workbooks

• The Geometry of Figure Skating
• The Geometry of Winter Olympic Sports 

Additional Information

Schottenbauer Publishing

Free Education Resources

Cool Figure Skating Move: Before and After Photos!

A new YouTube Video shows a cool figure skating move on synthetic ice. Here are the before and after photos! 

Let's think about the physics of this move. What happens in order for the skater to turn from one position to the other? How does the rotation begin? What stops the rotation? Watch the video on YouTube for more details!

Additional information on the science of ice skating is available on the Schottenbauer Publishing website. Books include the following:

Geometry Series

• The Geometry of Winter Olympic Sports
• The Geometry of Figure Skating

Graphs & Data for Science Lab (Book Series)

• The Science of Ice Skating
• The Science of Hockey

Anthologies of 28 Graphs

• The Science of Winter Olympic Sports
• The Science of Figure Skating
• The Science of Ice Hockey

Additional Information

Schottenbauer Publishing

Free Education Resources

Ice Skate Comparison

Ice skates are not all the same! Two extremes are hockey and figure skates. Because hockey skates have a smooth, curved blade on the front and the back, they can feasibly be tilted almost to a right angle while still gliding across the ice! In comparison, the blade of a figure skate has grooved teeth on the front, and a flat back blade. These features prohibit tilting of the figure skates during gliding. 

What are the angles of maximum tilt for each of these skates?

Hockey Skate (Left) and Figure Skate (Right)

Two additional types of skates are shown below: bob skates and child double-runner skates. These skates are for children and are not traditionally sharpened, so they do not glide over the ice. How far could these skates rotate upwards to the front or back, before hitting the plastic or tipping over?  

Bob Skate

 Child Double-Runner Skate

Additional information on the science of ice skating is available on the Schottenbauer Publishing website. Books include the following:

Geometry Series

• The Geometry of Winter Olympic Sports
• The Geometry of Figure Skating

Graphs & Data for Science Lab (Book Series)

• The Science of Ice Skating
• The Science of Hockey

Anthologies of 28 Graphs

• The Science of Winter Olympic Sports
• The Science of Figure Skating
• The Science of Ice Hockey

Additional Information

Schottenbauer Publishing

Free Education Resources

Learning to Glide, Spin, and Jump!

The science and math of ice skating are topics of new books from Schottenbauer Publishing. Presenting data from real figure skating and hockey collected by the science writer and publisher M. Schottenbauer, Ph.D., these books bring the "high tech" end of skating to audiences everywhere!

In these books, students can enjoy learning about common moves from figure skating and hockey. One series of books, written for elementary school students, focuses on geometry. Two series of science books feature graphs and data; these illustrate common mathematical functions, plus a variety of concepts from physics and biophysics. The science books can be integrated into classes such as math, physical science, physics, physical education, and health, anywhere from 7th grade through high school, as well as some introductory college and university classes. 

The books directly pertaining to ice skating and hockey include the following:

Geometry Workbooks

• The Geometry of Figure Skating
• The Geometry of Winter Olympic Sports

Graphs & Data for Science Lab: Multi-Volume Series

• The Science of Ice Skating 
• Volume 1: Translational Motion
• Volume 2: Rotational Motion (Curves)
• Volume 3: Rotational Motion (Spins)
• Volume 4: Jumps
• Volume 5: Ice Hockey
• Volume 6: Biophysics
• Volume 7: Video Analysis
• Volume 8: Reference Manual
• The Science of Hockey
• Volume 1: Force, Acceleration, & Video Analysis of Pucks & Balls
• Volume 2: Force & Acceleration of Sticks, plus Biophysics
• Volume 3: Video Analysis of Ice, Field, & Street Hockey Sticks

Anthologies of 28 Graphs

• The Science of Figure Skating
• The Science of Ice Hockey
• The Science of Winter Olympic Sports 

These books are complemented by a series of science books on other popular sports topics, including Olympic sports, athletic training, exercise equipment, gymnastics, yoga, ballet, and more. Topics related to ice skating include:

Geometry Workbooks

• The Geometry of Yoga
• The Geometry of Ballet
• The Geometry of Gymnastics

Graphs & Data for Science Lab: Multi-Volume Series

• The Science of Athletic Training
• Volume 1: Force & Acceleration
• Volume 2: Biophysics
• Volume 3: Video Analysis 
• The Science of Exercise Equipment 
• Volume 1: Force & Acceleration
• Volume 2: Biophysics
• Volume 3: Video Analysis
• The Science of Yoga, Pilates, & Ballet 
• Volume 1: Force & Acceleration
• Volume 2: Biophysics
• Volume 3: Video Analysis
• The Science of Gymnastics 
• Volume 1: Force & Acceleration
• Volume 2: Biophysics
• Volume 3: Video Analysis

Anthologies of 28 Graphs

• The Science of Physical Fitness
• The Science of Dance & Ballet
• The Science of Gymnastics
• The Science of Yoga

Most of the books above are available in both English and German translation. The books pertaining to the geometry of Olympic sports are also available in 15 world languages. 

The same publisher offers similar books on additional popular topics, including sports, transportation, construction, environment, music, entertainment, and general physics. All of these book series are available in several formats and languages, including the following:

Geometry Workbooks

• Print & E-Book Editions
• Available in English & German
• Olympics Books Available in 15 Languages

Graphs & Data for Science Lab: Multi-Volume Series

• Print Editions
• Available in English & German

Anthologies of 28 Graphs

• Print Editions
• English Only

Additional Information

Schottenbauer Publishing

Free Education Resources

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With Kindle Unlimited ($9.99/month) at Amazon.com, you can read all e-books from Schottenbauer Publishing for no extra charge! Amazon offers Free 30 Day Trials of Kindle Unlimited. With this deal, trial members can read all Schottenbauer Publishing e-books free! This includes all the geometry workbooks, plus "The World in a Graph," "Alphabets of the World," textbooks on the science of music, all the e-book puzzles, and the educational novels by M. Schottenbauer, Ph.D.